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Twenty-eight of the 46 patients stated in the questionnaire that they had long-term benefits from the diet treatment. The questionnaires were mailed 1 to 3 years after the initiation of the diet treatment to inquire about a possible long-term benefit of the diet.
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Questionnaires were sent to 46 patients with positive patch test results to balsam of Peru and/or a perfume mixture and chronic dermatitis of a morphology consistent with endogenous dermatitis who had experienced improvement after 1 to 2 months on a diet intended to reduce the intake of balsams. This study was performed to determine whether a low- balsam diet was a helpful long-term treatment for selected patients sensitive to balsam of Peru and/or a perfume mixture and to determine whether oral challenge with balsam of Peru could predict which balsam-sensitive patients might benefit from a reduction in balsam intake. Previous studies have shown that some patients sensitive to balsams and/or fragrances obtain long-term benefits by following a low- balsam diet, whereas others do not. This article presents a chemical and pharmacological review of the most common balsams.Ĭan oral challenge with balsam of Peru predict possible benefit from a low- balsam diet? Despite the understanding of some plants, many plants are still called balsams. These usually belong to other classes of natural products, such as essential oils, resins and oleoresins. Many other aromatic exudates, such as Copaiba Oil and Canada Balsam, are wrongly called balsam. true balsams are the Benzoins, Liquid Storaque and the Balsams of Tolu and Peru. The most common naturally-occurring balsams (i.e. A more modern concept is based on its chemical composition and origin: a secretion or exudate of plants that contain cinnamic and benzoic acids, and their derivatives, in their composition. When viewed according to this concept, many substances can be considered balsams. They are generally defined as vegetable material with highly aromatic properties that supposedly have the ability to heal diseases, not only of the body, but also of the soul. chocolate and ice cream) whereas the levels of parabens were associated with use of cosmetics and personal care products.Directory of Open Access Journals (Sweden)įull Text Available Balsams have been used since ancient times, due to their therapeutic and healing properties in the perfume industry, they are used as fixatives, and in the cosmetics industry and in cookery, they are used as preservatives and aromatizers. The levels of high molecular weight phthalates were associated with consumption of certain foods (i.e. The urinary levels of low molecular weight phthalates were higher among mothers and children in the rural area (MBzP p = < 0.001 MnBP p = 0.001–0.002), which is probably due to higher presence of PVC in floorings and wall coverings in this area, whereas the levels of parabens were higher among the children in the urban area (MetP p = 0.003 ProP p = 0.004) than in the rural area. Conversely, the mother's levels of parabens (MetP 37.8 μg/L ProP 13.9 μg/L) and MEP (43.4 μg/L) were higher than the children's levels of parabens (MetP 6.8 μg/L ProP 2.1 μg/L) and MEP (28.8 μg/L). The children had generally higher levels of phthalates (geometric mean ΣDEHP 65.5 μg/L ΣDiNP 37.8 μg/L MBzP 19.9 μg/L MnBP 76.9 μg/L) than the mothers (ΣDEHP 38.4 μg/L ΣDiNP 33.8 μg/L MBzP 12.8 μg/L MnBP 63.0 μg/L). There were fairly good correlations of biomarker levels between the mothers and their children. Information on sociodemographics, food consumption habits and use of personal care products, obtained via a questionnaire, was used to investigate the associations between the urinary levels of chemicals and potential exposure factors. Urine samples from 98 mother–child couples living in either a rural or an urban area were analyzed for the concentrations of four metabolites of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), three metabolites of di-iso-nonyl phthalate (DiNP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP), methylparaben (MetP), ethylparaben (EthP), propylparaben (ProP), butylparaben, benzylparaben, BPA, and TCS. The objective of the study was to estimate the exposure to these chemicals in Swedish mothers and their children (6–11 years old) and investigate potential predictors of the exposure. Combined exposure may occur through ingestion, inhalation and dermal exposure, and their toxic as well as combined effects are poorly understood. Chemicals such as phthalates, parabens, bisphenol A (BPA) and triclosan (TCS), used in a wide variety of consumer products, are suspected endocrine disrupters although their level of toxicity is thought to be low.